Study people
Out-of dos,087 very first-seasons students just who undergone a general test (pre-university) and you will complete questionnaires from the Fitness Solution Center away from Okayama College for the , step 1,396 college students volunteered for a good step three-seasons follow-up test in advance of graduation inside (follow-upwards rate; 66.9%). For this investigation, i considered users with a Bmi out-of ? twenty-five.0 kg yards ?dos because the heavy (16) . I omitted 82 professionals who have been obese (Bmi ? 25 kg meters ?2 ) within its standard wellness test. Eventually, data from just one,314 people (676 male and you can 638 people; 65.3%) was in fact reviewed. The analysis are approved by the Integrity Committee from Okayama College or university Graduate University regarding Drug, Dentistry and you may Drug Sciences (No. 306). Authored agree is actually extracted from all the professionals.
Testing out-of fat/carrying excess fat
Regarding the all-around health examination, the fresh new top and the body weight out of members was in fact mentioned of the university’s social wellness nurses utilising the Tanita body fat analyser (Model No. BF-220; Tanita, Tokyo, Japan). Body mass index are determined just like the pounds in kilograms split because of the level in the yards squared (23) .
Questionnaire
Professionals advertised rates away from restaurants relative to someone else, based on one of five qualitative groups: sluggish, typical, timely, and incredibly timely. The new validity and you can precision of questionnaire is already confirmed and you will used in researching contacts ranging from thinking-reported eating rates and you will obesity (24) . I combined punctual and extremely fast answers on the a single group away from restaurants quickly and you can slow and normal answers to the one group of restaurants slow (8) .
To other life points, solutions were given because of the participants within the a beneficial “yes/no” format the following: an uneven diet plan (i.e., unusual mealtime), missing breakfast, food up until full, frequently snacking and you will/or dining in the evening, appear to sipping fatty foods, seem to restaurants greens, apparently dinner fast food, appear to food candy, frequently ingesting (sugar-sweetened) sodas, regular physical working out, and you may chronic taking (16, 20) . Brand new questionnaire try held within standard.
Statistical investigation
Paired t, unpaired t, Fisher’s exact, and chi-squared tests were used to determine whether there were any significant differences between baseline and re-examination, or normal weight and overweight groups. Using a logistic regression model, both odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Being overweight at the 3-year follow-up was used as a dependent variable. Gender, eating quickly, and frequently consuming fatty foods at baseline were added as independent variables on multivariate analysis according to the guidelines of siti web cristiani a previous study (25) . All data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (21.0J for Windows; SPSS Japan, Tokyo, Japan). A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Abilities
There were no significant differences in prevalence of eating quickly and body composition at baseline between participants who were followed up and those who were not (data not shown). Table 1 shows the characteristics of participants. Overall, 207 male (30.2%) and 198 female (31.0%) participants reported eating quickly. Of the 38 participants (2.9%) who became overweight, none were obese (BMI ? 30 kg m ?2 ). There was a significant difference in body composition between baseline and re-examination data (P < 0.05).
- an indicate ± fundamental departure.
- bP < 0.05, paired t test. Baseline vs. after 3 years.
- cP < 0.05, ? 2 test.
- dn (%).
In both male and female participants, a higher prevalence of those who ate quickly was observed in the overweight group compared with the normal weight group (P < 0.05). The prevalence of participants who ate quickly and frequently consumed fatty foods was significantly higher in the overweight group than in the normal weight group (P < 0.05).
- a keen (%).